“Morbidly adherent placenta” is a term that describes the continuum of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. Placenta accreta is the least invasive form, whereas placenta percreta represents a complete penetration of the trophoblast through the uterus that reaches the serosal surface and potentially invades the bladder, rectal wall, and pelvic vessels. Leaving the placenta in situ in the setting of abnormally invasive placenta is now widely practiced. We herein present three cases of abnormal placental implantation diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, in which uterine artery embolization was performed to induce placental infarction and eventually rapid regression but most importantly to minimize peripartum and postpartum bleeding. As we do this, we sought to review the risks of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta and evaluate the role of endovascular therapy to improve maternal outcomes when abnormal placental implantation occurs.

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Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard surgical therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement, with reported International Prostate Symptom Score reduction of up to 70%. However, as many as 20% of patients can have significant complications including sexual dysfunction, perioperative bleeding requiring blood transfusion, and incontinence. Intractable hematuria from the prostate can be life-threatening, and its management remains a difficult clinical problem. Prostate artery embolization (PAE) is occasionally indicated in such patients when all other measures have failed. PAE has been used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia; however, literature related to its use for bleeding following TURP remains limited. We report a case of an elderly male who presented with recurrent episodes of hematuria following TURP and was successfully treated by endovascular management.

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We report a case of a 45-year-old female with a history of chronic iliac vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion, who presented with diffuse bilateral lower limb edema and pain secondary to severe postthrombotic syndrome. Computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography demonstrated reocclusion in the patient's previously placed iliofemoral and IVC stents. Recanalization was achieved with a percutaneous endovascular bypass approach after unsuccessful attempts using standard and other advanced endovascular techniques including sharp needle and radiofrequency wire recanalization.

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We report our technique of percutaneous removal of gallstones in three elderly patients with acute calculus cholecystitis who were not surgical candidates due to multiple comorbidities. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia using fluoroscopic and choledochoscopic guidance. All patients had uneventful recovery and were discharged home in 3–4 days and fallow up at a low and high surveillance by ultrasound at 3 and 6 months interval.

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Percutaneous needle biopsy of lung lesions is commonly used and is usually regarded as a safe procedure with limited morbidity and extremely rare mortality. Most frequent complications are pneumothoax, pulmonary bleeding and hemoptysis. Other rare complications include systemic air embolus, tumor implantation and empyema. Systemic air emboli are extremely rare with a published incidence of 0.02' from a lung biopsy survey in the United Kingdom to 0.07' in the literature, but are serious and can be fatal. We present a case of massive air embolism occurring during lung biopsy and describe the technique used for immediate treatment.

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Background: Significant efforts have been made to improve medical students' exposure to interventional radiology (IR). Foundation doctors in the UK, however, are a neglected group, with little being done engage these doctors who are at a crucial juncture in their training. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors' understanding of and exposure to IR. Methods: FY1s from two teaching hospitals in the UK at the end of their first year of Foundation training were invited to take part in an 18-question survey, including 14 single-best-answer (SBA) questions. The questions examined knowledge of IR and other specialties. The SBAs were scored out 14 and the Student's t-test was used to compare IR and non-IR scores. Results: Questionnaires were given to 72 FY1 doctors and 52 (72.2%) were completed. The median score was 9/14 (64.3%) [4.5/14–12/14]. Questions relating to coronary intervention and neurosurgery scored best (96.2% and 94.3%, respectively). The mean score for IR-related questions was significantly lower than that for non-IR questions (51.5% vs. 81.1%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Participants who referred patients to IR at least once per month scored higher than those who rarely referred (60.5% vs. 47.2%, respectively, P < 0.0084). Nearly 83.0% of participants expressed a desire to gain more exposure to IR. Conclusion: Although Foundation doctors have some understanding of IR, reflecting some exposure to the specialty, this remains deficient when compared with their knowledge of other specialties. This may be improved by the introduction of IR specific teaching during the Foundation program.

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